Electroweak Theory (parser)
Establishment theoretical framework as the standard theory of electroweak interactions: Higgs searches, quark mixing, neutrino oscillations.
This section is referring to wiki page-25 of main section-3 that is from the spin section-137 by prime spin-34 and span- with the partitions as below.
/parser
- Addition Zones (0-18)
- Multiplication Zones (18-30)
- Symmetrical Breaking (spin 8)
- The Angular Momentum (spin 9)
- Entrypoint of Momentum (spin 10)
- The Mapping of Spacetime (spin 11)
- Similar Order of Magnitude (spin 12)
- Searching for The Graviton (spin 13)
- Elementary Retracements (spin 14)
- Recycling of Momentum (spin 15)
- Exchange Entrypoint (spin 16)
- The Mapping Order (spin 17)
- Magnitude Order (spin 18)
- Exponentiation Zones (30-36)
- Identition Zones (36-102)
- Theory of Everything (span 12)
- Everything is Connected (span 11)
- Truncated Perturbation (span 10)
- Quadratic Polynomials (span 9)
- Fundamental Forces (span 8)
- Elementary Particles (span 7)
- Basic Transformation (span 6)
- Hidden Dimensions (span 5)
- Parallel Universes (span 4)
- Vibrating Strings (span 3)
- Series Expansion (span 2)
- Wormhole Theory (span 1)
Gauge invariance is a powerful tool to determine the dynamical forces. Particle content, structure and symmetries of Lagrangian are discussed.
Standard Theory
The Higgs and the electromagnetic field have no effect on each other, at the level of the fundamental forces (“tree level”), while any other combination of the hypercharge and the weak isospin must interact with the Higgs. This causes an apparent separation between the weak force, which interacts with the Higgs, and electromagnetism, which does not. (Wikipedia)
Experiments have verified that the weak and electromagnetic force become identical at very small distances and provide the GUT description of the carrier particles for the forces.
Interactions
Fermion | spinors | charged | neutrinos | quark | components | parameter
Field | (s) | (c) | (n) | (q=s.c.n) | Σ(c+n+q | (complex)
===========+=========+=========+===========+===========+============+===========
boson-1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 5 | i5
-----------+---------+---------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------
boson-2 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 7 | i7
-----------+---------+---------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------
boson-3 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 11 | i11
-----------+---------+---------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------
boson-4 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 13 | i13
-----------+---------+---------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------
boson-5 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 17 | i17
===========+=========+=========+===========+===========+============+===========
SubTotal | .. | .. | .. | .. | 53 | i53
===========+=========+=========+===========+===========+============+===========
bispinor-1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 18 | 24 | 19
-----------+---------+---------+-----------+-----------+------------+-- 17
bispinor-2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 18 | 24 | i12
===========+=========+=========+===========+===========+============+===========
bispinor-3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 18 | 24 | 11
-----------+---------+---------+-----------+-----------+------------+-- 19
bispinor-4 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 18 | 24 | i18
===========+=========+=========+===========+===========+============+===========
SubTotal | 8 | 12 | 12 | 72 | 96 | 66+i30
===========+=========+=========+===========+===========+============+===========
majorana-1 | 2x2 | - | 18 | - | 18 | 18
-----------+---------+---------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------
majorana-2 | 2x2 | - | 12 | - | 12 | 12
-----------+---------+---------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------
majorana-3 | 2x2 | - | 13 | - | 13 | i13
===========+=========+=========+===========+===========+============+===========
SubTotal | 12 | - | 43 | - | 43 | 30+i13
===========+=========+=========+===========+===========+============+===========
Total | 20 | 12 | 55 | 72 | 192 | 96+i96 ✔️
Symmetry Breaking
The pattern of weak isospin, T3, and weak hypercharge, YW, of the known elementary particles, showing electric charge along the weak mixing angle. The four components of the Higgs field (squares) break the electroweak symmetry and interact with other particles to give them mass, with three components becoming part of the massive W and Z bosons. Allowed decays of the neutral Higgs boson, H, (circled) satisfy electroweak charge conservation. (Wikipedia)
The Lagrangian for the electroweak interactions is divided into four parts before electroweak symmetry breaking becomes manifest,
$True Prime Pairs:
(5,7$True Prime Pairs:
(5,7), (11,13), (17,19)
| 168 | 618 |
-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ ---
19¨ | 3¨ | 4¨ | 6¨ | 6¨ | 4¤ -----> assigned to "id:30" 19¨
-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ ---
17¨ | {5¨}| {3¨}| 2¨ | 7¨ | 4¤ -----> assigned to "id:31" |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
{12¨}| 6¨ | 6¨ | 2¤ (M & F) -----> assigned to "id:32" |
+-----+-----+-----+ |
11¨ | 3¨ | {3¨}| {5¨}| 3¤ ---> Np(33) assigned to "id:33" -----> 👉 77¨
-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
19¨ | 4¨ | 4¨ | ❓ | ❓ | 4¤ ✔️ ---> assigned to "id:34" |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
{18¨}| .. | .. | .. | 3¤ -----> assigned to "id:35" |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ ---
43¨ | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 9¤ (C1 & C2) 43¨
-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ ---
139¨ | 1 2 3 | 4 5 6 | 7 8 9 |
Δ Δ Δ
$True Prime Pairs:
(5,7$True Prime Pairs:
(5,7), (11,13), (17,19)
| 168 | 618 |
-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ ---
19¨ | 3¨ | 4¨ | 6¨ | 6¨ | 4¤ -----> assigned to "id:30" 19¨
-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ ---
17¨ | {5¨}| {3¨}| 2¨ | 7¨ | 4¤ -----> assigned to "id:31" |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
{12¨}| 6¨ | 6¨ | 2¤ (M & F) -----> assigned to "id:32" |
+-----+-----+-----+ |
11¨ | 3¨ | {3¨}| {5¨}| 3¤ ---> Np(33) assigned to "id:33" -----> 👉 77¨
-----+-----+-----+----+-----+ |
19¨ | 4¨ | 4¨ | 5¨ | 6¨ | 4¤ ✔️ ---> assigned to "id:34" |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
{18¨}| .. | .. | .. | 3¤ -----> assigned to "id:35" |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ ---
43¨ | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 9¤ (C1 & C2) 43¨
-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ ---
139¨ | 1 2 3 | 4 5 6 | 7 8 9 |
Δ Δ Δ
Problem
Consider the following contradiction in the electroweak theory of the Standard Model.
The electroweak theory of neutrino interaction uses factors like in order to account for a complete parity violation. This factor implies a massless neutrino [1]: “Nature had the choice of an aesthetically satisfying, but a left-right, symmetry violating theory, with a neutrino which travels exactly with the same velocity of light; or alternatively a theory where left-right symmetry is preserved, but the neutrino has a tiny mass – some ten thousand times smaller than the mass of the electron.”The neutrino masslessness is also stated by other authors. A review article on neutrino properties states that “two-components left-handed massless neutrino fields play a crucial role in the determination of the charged current structure of the Standard Model” (see the Abstract of [2]). Similarly, a Quantum Field Theory textbook states: “Thus, massless neutrinos are a prediction of the Standard Model” (see [4], p. 555). Indeed, a massless neutrino is the basis for the two-component Weyl neutrino, which shows parity violation (see e.g. section 2.2 of [2]). The same argument appears on p. 139 of [3].
On the other hand, a recent review article negates the foregoing ides and states that it is now admitted “that neutrinos can no longer be considered as massless particles” (see [5], p. 1307). This statement is adopted by the Particle Data Group [6], which is the authorized organization for the definition of reliable particle data. The recognition of this fact by the community was demonstrated by the 2015 Nobel Prize, awarded to the persons who have discovered this property [7].It follows that the experimentally confirmed massive neutrino undermines the basis of the Standard Model electroweak theory, since the massless neutrino is a crucial element in this theory.
Research topic: Can the validity of the electroweak theory be restored?
Remark: Further contradictions are discussed in [8]. (Research Topics)
The True Prime Pairs
(5,7), (11,13), (17,19)
Tabulate Prime by Power of 10
loop(10) = π(10)-π(1) = 4-0 = 4
loop(100) = π(100)-π(10)-1th = 25-4-2 = 19
loop(1000) = π(1000) - π(100) - 10th = 168-25-29 = 114
--------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----
True Prime Pairs → Δ→π | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | Sum
==========================+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+=====
19 → π(∆10) → π(10) | 2 | 3 | 5 | 7 | - | - | - | - | - | 4th 4 x Root
--------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----
17 → π(10+∆9) → π(19) | 11 | 13 | 17 | 19 | - | - | - | - | - | 8th 4 x Twin
==========================+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+===== 1st Twin
13 → π(19+∆10) → π(29) | 23 | 29 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |10th
--------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----
11 → π(29+∆12) → π(41) | 31 | 37 | 41 | - | - | - | - | - | - |13th
==========================+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+===== 1st Twin
7 → π(41+∆18) → π(59) | 43 | 47 | 53 | 59 | - | - | - | - | - |17th
--------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----- 3rd Twin
5 → π(59+∆13) → π(72) | 61 | 67 | 71 | - | - | - | - | - | - |20th
==========================+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+===== 4th Twin
3,2 → 18+13+12 → 43 | 73 | 79 | 83 | 89 | 97 | 101| 103| 107| 109|29th
==========================+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+=====
Δ Δ
12+13+(18+18)+13+12 ← 36th-Δ1=151-1=150=100+2x(13+12) ← 30th = 113 = 114-
How do you resolve Maxwell equations as euler-lagrange equation without electromagnetic electromagnetism, lagrangian formalism, field theory, Maxwell equations, variational principle potential.
Axial (e-e rES repulsions blue aggregating to black axial outward, vs weak axial inward) to generate the Bose “cylinder surface” proof of statistical mechanics.
- Axial View of one hemisphere set of one subshell (N,1,many,-1/2) quantum number example below:
- That gives the path from Planck strength to the Maxwell strengths. Those are not independent, but all based upon h (or h-hat*c version in this case).
- Yes, I used Euler to get there! The weakness of the Lagrangian is that introduces errors in (a0/re)N scaling ^2 vs ^3 (extra 1/r wrongly called angular momentum by Bohr) that introduces an error correction. Hence, circling back to QED methods of error-correction (loops, re-normalization).
So, in the end, you do need. But the path can get similar when you move off arbitration x,y,z or X1,X2,X3 frame-of-reference to the quantitized hemispherical coordinates of the quantum numbers understood as (r#,theta#,phi#,z#).
1729 = 7 x 13 x 19
1729 / 7 = 13 x 19 = 247
1729 = 7 x 13 x 19
7 + 13 = 20 = d(2)
└── 2 x 19 = 38
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| {1}| 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | {6}| {7}| 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| {3}| {4}| 3 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 1 |{38}
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- } 285
| 3 | 8 | 9 | 16 | 25 |{12}|{21}| 16 | 18 | 10 | 22 | 60 |{13}|{14}|{247}
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
|-- 38 ---| |-- 33 ---| |-- {27}--|
$True Prime Pairs:
(5,7$True Prime Pairs:
(5,7$True Prime Pairs:
(5,7), (11,13), (17,19)
| 168 | 618 |
-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ ---
19¨ | 3¨ | 4¨ | 6¨ | 6¨ | 4¤ -----> assigned to "id:30" 19¨
-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ ---
17¨ | {5¨}| {3¨}| 2¨ | 7¨ | 4¤ -----> assigned to "id:31" |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
{12¨}| 6¨ | 6¨ | 2¤ (M & F) -----> assigned to "id:32" |
+-----+-----+-----+ |
11¨ | 3¨ | {3¨}| {5¨}| 3¤ ---> Np(33) assigned to "id:33" -----> 👉 77¨
-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
19¨ | 4¨ | 4¨ | 5¨ | 6¨ | 4¤ ✔️ ---> assigned to "id:34" |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
{18¨}| .. | .. | .. | 3¤ -----> assigned to "id:35" |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ ---
43¨ | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 9¤ (C1 & C2) 43¨
-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ ---
139¨ | 1 2 3 | 4 5 6 | 7 8 9 |
Δ Δ Δ
True Prime Pairs:
(5,7), (11,13), (17,19)
| 168 | 618 | ✔️
-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ -----------------------------------------------
{786}| 1,2 | 2 | 2,3 | 3,4 | {19} |
-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
{86}| 4 | 4,5 | 5,6 |{6,7}| 17 Base Zone
+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
{78}|{7,8}| 8,9 | 12 (M dan F) ----> Δ |
+-----+-----+-----+ -----------
{67}| 9,11|11,12|12,14| 11 <----------- Mid Zone |
----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
{6}|15,16|17,18|18,20|21,22| 19 Mirror Zone
+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
{8}|23,25|25,27|27,29| 18 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-------+ -----------
{7}|29,33|33,36|36,39|39,41|41,45|46,51|51,57|58,66|{67,77}| 43 (C1 dan C2)<---Δ
-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-------+ -----------
| 1 2 3 | 4 5 6 | 7 8 9 |
|------ 29' ------|--------------- 139' ----------------|
|------ 618¨ -----|--------------- 168¨ ----------------|
The Pairwise Disjoint
4D-dimensional space-time is much more complex due to the extra degree of freedom. Almost all of the rest of unsolved problems in physics are correlated with.
One remarkable property of both string and M-theory is that seven (7) extra dimensions are required for the theory’s consistency, on top of the four dimensions in our universe.
The 10 symmetries are reflecting the 10 shapes of the chart as shown below. The 12 finite loops around the three (3) generation are denoted by the total of 12 arrows that flowing in between each of the 10 shapes.
Comparatively, four-dimensional space has an extra coordinate axis, orthogonal to the other three, which is usually labeled w to describe the two additional cardinal directions of up toward and down from, respectively.
Mobius Strip
There are some mathematical shape of this residual objects. Torus is basically a donut shape, which has the property of of having variable Gaussian curvature.
The blue parts of the torus above have positive curvature, the red parts negative and the top grey band has zero curvature. If our 3 dimensional space was like the surface areas of a 4 dimensional torus, the parts would have different angle sums.
Some parts of the surface has positive curvature, others zero, others negative.
If you start anywhere on its surface and follow the curvature round you will eventually return to the same place having travelled on every part of the surface.
Mobius strip only has one side, there are two more bizarre shapes with strange properties.
The Klein bottle
The Klein bottleis in someways a 3D version of the Mobius strip and even though it exists in 3 dimensions, to make a true one you need to "fold through" the 4th dimension.
In mathematics, the Klein bottle (/ˈklaɪn/) is an example of a non-orientable surface; that is, informally, a one-sided surface which, if traveled upon, could be followed back to the point of origin while flipping the traveler upside down.
- More formally, the Klein bottle is a two-dimensional manifold on which one cannot define a normal vector at each point that varies continuously over the whole manifold.
- Other related non-orientable surfaces include the Möbius strip and the real projective plane.
While a Möbius strip is a surface with a boundary, a Klein bottle has no boundary. For comparison, a sphere is an orientable surface with no boundary.
A sign inversion visualized as a vector pointing along the Möbius band when the circle is continuously rotated through a full turn of 360°.
The Spinors
A spinor associated to the conformal group of the circle, exhibiting a sign inversion on a full rotation of the circle through an angle of 2π.
(17+13) + (11+19) = (7+11) + (19+23) = 60
Eigennvalue curves (right) showing a triple eigenvalue at zero for τ = 1 and double eigenvalues at 1 ± √2i for τ = √43. On the left the graph of 1/|Q(λ)| with the same eigenvalue curves plotted in the ground plane. Green stars indicate the eigenvalues of A, blue stars the roots of puv(λ) and triangles the zeroes of Q0(λ)
Global Properties
7 + 11 + 13 = 31 1 + (26+6) + (27+6) = 66
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17
---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----
- | - | 20| 21| 22| 23| 24| 25|
---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
- | - | - | - | 28| 29| ◄--- missing 26 & 27 ✔️
---+---+---+---+---+---+
30| 31| - | - | ◄--- missing 32 & 33 ✔️
---+---+---+---+
36|
This behaviour finaly brings us to a suggestion that the dimension in string theory are linked with the prime distribution level as indicated by the self repetition on MEC30.
7th spin - 4th spin = (168 - 102)s = 66s = 6 x 11s = 30s + 36s
$True Prime Pairs:
(5,7), (11,13), (17,19)
layer | node | sub | i | f. MEC 30 / 2
------+------+-----+-----+------ ‹------------------------------ 0 {-1/2}
| | | 1 | --------------------------
| | 1 +-----+ |
| 1 | | 2 | (5) |
| |-----+-----+ |
| | | 3 | |
1 +------+ 2 +-----+---- |
| | | 4 | |
| +-----+-----+ |
| 2 | | 5 | (7) |
| | 3 +-----+ |
| | | 6 | 11s ‹-- ∆28 = (71-43) √
------+------+-----+-----+------ } (36) |
| | | 7 | |
| | 4 +-----+ |
| 3 | | 8 | (11) |
| +-----+-----+ |
| | | 9 |‹-- ∆9 = (89-71) / 2 √ |
2 +------| 5* +-----+----- |
| | | 10 | |
| |-----+-----+ |
| 4 | | 11 | (13) ---------------------
| | 6 +-----+ ‹------------------------------ 15 {0}
| | | 12 |---------------------------
------+------+-----+-----+------------ |
| | | 13 | |
| | 7 +-----+ |
| 5 | | 14 | (17) |
| |-----+-----+ |
| | | 15 | 7 x 24 = 168 √
3* +------+ 8 +-----+----- } (36) |
| | | 16 | |
| |-----+-----+ |
| 6 | | 17 | (19) |
| | 9 +-----+ |
| | | 18 | --------------------------
------|------|-----+-----+----- ‹----------------------------------- 30 {+1/2}
This model may explains the newly discovered prime number theorem in relatively simple layman's terms for anyone with a slight background in theoretical physics.
The property gives an in depth analysis of the not so random distribution of primes by showing how it has solved Goldbach’s conjecture and the Ulam spiral.
The model suggests a possible origin for both charge and half-integer spin and also reconciles the apparently contradictory criteria discussed above.
Arbitrary sequence of three (3) consecutive nucleotides along a helical path whose metric distances satisfy the relationship dn,n+3dn,n+2dn,n+1.
- Sketch showing a characteristic duplex DNA helical standing-wave pattern.
- The vertical lines depict the cross-section projections of each bp along the helix axis, their length providing a measure of their twist magnitude.
- Thick lines represent the sugar-phosphate profile.
Optimally overlapping bps are indicated by the presence of the ovals (m) measures the overlapping resonance correlation length. (π − π orbital resonance in twisting duplex DNA)
Under certain conditions, energy could not take on any indiscriminate value, the energy must be some multiple of a very small quantity (later to be known as a quantum).
Twisted strip model for one wavelength of a photon with circular polarisation in at space. A similar photon in a closed path in curved space with periodic boundary conditions of length C.
- The B-fi eld is in the plane of the strip and the E-field is perpendicular to it (a).
- The E-fi eld vector is radial and directed inwards, and the B-fi eld is vertical (b).
The magnetic moment ~, angular momentum L~, and direction of propagation with velocity c are also indicated. (Is the electron a photon with toroidal topology? - pdf)
A deeper understanding requires a uni cation of the aspects discussed above in terms of an underlying principle.